. . . . . . "rozlehlou s\u00EDt\u00ED cest"@cs . "Inck\u00FD syst\u00E9m cest (ke\u010Du\u00E1nsky Qhapaq \u00D1an) je n\u00E1zev pro unik\u00E1tn\u00ED s\u00ED\u0165 komunikac\u00ED v And\u00E1ch, kterou rozvinuli a vyu\u017E\u00EDvali Inkov\u00E9, p\u0159i\u010Dem\u017E n\u011Bkter\u00E9 jej\u00ED \u00FAseky poch\u00E1zej\u00ED z obdob\u00ED p\u0159ed vznikem Inck\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm od kultur Wari a Tiwanaku). Rozsah p\u016Fvodn\u00EDch inck\u00FDch stezek je dnes odhadov\u00E1n v rozsahu od 23 000 km a\u017E do 30 000 km.N\u00E1zev Qhapaq \u00D1an se vztahuje jak na celou s\u00ED\u0165 v pln\u00E9m rozsahu, tak i v u\u017E\u0161\u00EDm pojet\u00ED na tzv. \u201EKr\u00E1lovskou cestu\u201C - p\u00E1te\u0159n\u00ED cestu v d\u00E9lce 5 200 km mezi Quitem, Cuzcem a Tucum\u00E1nem. Cesty v\u00FDrazn\u011B uleh\u010Dovaly komunikaci mezi jednotliv\u00FDmi s\u00EDdeln\u00EDmi celky a byly efektivn\u00EDm prost\u0159edkem politick\u00E9, soci\u00E1ln\u00ED, ekonomick\u00E9 a kulturn\u00ED integrace podroben\u00FDch kultur v r\u00E1mci expanzivn\u00ED Inck\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e. Qhapaq \u00D1an vyu\u017Eili i \u0161pan\u011Bl\u0161t\u00ED conquistado\u0159i p\u0159i dob\u00FDv\u00E1n\u00ED nov\u00FDch \u00FAzem\u00ED v Ji\u017En\u00ED Americe. Pavu\u010Dina stezek se rozkl\u00E1dala od \u00FAzem\u00ED ji\u017En\u00ED Kolumbie po \u00FAdol\u00ED \u0159eky Maule v centr\u00E1ln\u00EDm Chile, co\u017E odpov\u00EDd\u00E1 teritori\u00E1ln\u00EDmu rozsahu inck\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e v dob\u011B p\u0159\u00EDchodu \u0160pan\u011Bl\u016F v roce 1521. V\u00FDchoz\u00EDm bodem a hlavn\u00EDm uzlem bylo inck\u00E9 hlavn\u00ED m\u011Bsto Cuzco. Z n\u011Bj vych\u00E1zely \u010Dty\u0159i prim\u00E1rn\u00ED silnice do \u010Dty\u0159 hlavn\u00EDch oblast\u00ED (tzv. \u201Esuyos\u201C - Antisuyo, Chinchaysuyo, Contisuyo a Collasuyo), ze kter\u00FDch se Inck\u00E1 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e skl\u00E1dala. Cesty spojovaly pou\u0161tn\u00ED oblasti na pacifick\u00E9m pob\u0159e\u017E\u00ED, horsk\u00E9 regiony i tropick\u00E9 pralesy Amazonie.Rozs\u00E1hl\u00E9 stavebn\u00ED pr\u00E1ce na pozemn\u00EDch komunikac\u00EDch odstartovaly za vl\u00E1dy Inky Pachac\u00FAteca (vl\u00E1dl 1438\u20131471), kter\u00FD c\u00EDtil nutnost v\u00FDstavby cest, aby mohl pohotov\u011B vys\u00EDlat vl\u00E1dn\u00ED \u00FA\u0159edn\u00EDky, vojska a loaj\u00E1ln\u00ED obyvatelstvo pro anexi a os\u00EDdlen\u00ED dobyt\u00FDch \u00FAzem\u00ED. V podpo\u0159e jeho dopravn\u00ED s\u00EDt\u011B pokra\u010Dovali i jeho n\u00E1stupci.Inck\u00FD syst\u00E9m cest sest\u00E1val ze t\u0159\u00ED z\u00E1kladn\u00EDch prvk\u016F: vydl\u00E1\u017Ed\u011Bn\u00E1 cesta, mosty a doprovodn\u00E9 skladovac\u00ED a ubytovac\u00ED budovy. \u0160\u00ED\u0159e silnic se pohybovala mezi p\u016Fl metrem v hornat\u00FDch oblastech a \u0161esti metry v rovin\u00E1ch. Po t\u011Bchto silnic\u00EDch se jako poslov\u00E9 pohybovali rychl\u00ED b\u011B\u017Eci, kte\u0159\u00ED se naz\u00FDvali \u201Echasquis\u201C. B\u011Bhali podle \u0161tafetov\u00E9ho syst\u00E9mu. Na ka\u017Ed\u00FD \u00FAsek cesty byli k dispozici dva odpo\u010Dinut\u00ED b\u011B\u017Eci. P\u0159ed\u00E1vali zpr\u00E1vy na stanic\u00EDch, naz\u00FDvan\u00FDch \u201Etambos\u201C, kter\u00E9 byly postaveny ve vzd\u00E1lenostech p\u0159ibli\u017En\u011B 20 km. Vzd\u00E1lenost mezi Cuzcem a Quitem byli schopni p\u0159ekonat za 1 t\u00FDden. Inkov\u00E9 nevyu\u017E\u00EDvali ani kon\u011B ani kolo, proto\u017Ee je v\u016Fbec neznali. Pou\u017E\u00EDvali jedin\u011B lamy, nebo chodili p\u011B\u0161ky. Jsou zn\u00E1my mosty sest\u00E1vaj\u00EDch z kamen\u00FDch op\u011Br a d\u0159ev\u011Bn\u00E9 mostovky, mosty zav\u011B\u0161en\u00E9 (lana z vl\u00E1ken ag\u00E1ve), ale nap\u0159. na \u0159ece Desaguadero existoval most z \u0159ady r\u00E1kosov\u00FDch ponton\u016F."@cs . . "15820257"^^ . . "2014"^^ . "Qhapaq \u00D1an"@cs . "Inck\u00FD syst\u00E9m cest"@cs . . . . . . "Latinsk\u00E1 Amerika a Karibik"@cs . . . "6058"^^ . "dal\u0161\u00ED st\u00E1ty: , , , a"@cs . . . . . "Carte Qhapaq Nan.jpg"@cs . . "1022948"^^ . "Inck\u00FD syst\u00E9m cest (ke\u010Du\u00E1nsky Qhapaq \u00D1an) je n\u00E1zev pro unik\u00E1tn\u00ED s\u00ED\u0165 komunikac\u00ED v And\u00E1ch, kterou rozvinuli a vyu\u017E\u00EDvali Inkov\u00E9, p\u0159i\u010Dem\u017E n\u011Bkter\u00E9 jej\u00ED \u00FAseky poch\u00E1zej\u00ED z obdob\u00ED p\u0159ed vznikem Inck\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm od kultur Wari a Tiwanaku). Rozsah p\u016Fvodn\u00EDch inck\u00FDch stezek je dnes odhadov\u00E1n v rozsahu od 23 000 km a\u017E do 30 000 km.N\u00E1zev Qhapaq \u00D1an se vztahuje jak na celou s\u00ED\u0165 v pln\u00E9m rozsahu, tak i v u\u017E\u0161\u00EDm pojet\u00ED na tzv. \u201EKr\u00E1lovskou cestu\u201C - p\u00E1te\u0159n\u00ED cestu v d\u00E9lce 5 200 km mezi Quitem, Cuzcem a Tucum\u00E1nem."@cs . . . . "Inck\u00E1 cesta"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "41"^^ . . . . . . . . "Qhapaq \u00D1an, andsk\u00FD syst\u00E9m cest"@cs . . . . . "p\u00E1te\u0159n\u00ED cesta Qhapaq \u00D1an"@cs . . . . . . "kulturn\u00ED d\u011Bdictv\u00ED" . . . "2014"^^ . . "1459"^^ . "ii, iii, iv, vi"@cs . . . "syst\u00E9m silnic"@cs . . . "Inck\u00FD syst\u00E9m cest"@cs . . . "Bol\u00EDvie"@cs . . . "kulturn\u00ED d\u011Bdictv\u00ED"@cs . .