. . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E9"@cs . . . . . "Jacques Le Goff"@cs . . "Bate"@cs . "The First Crusade and the idea of crusading"@cs . . . . "K\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00FD"@cs . "8"^^ . . . . . . "Ji\u0159\u00ED Knap"@cs . . . . . . "Praha"@cs . . . . . . "D\u011Bjiny k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDch v\u00FDprav"@cs . . . "Runciman"@cs . . . . . . . "Odeon"@cs . "Jaroslav"@cs . . . . . "T\u0159et\u00ED k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E1 v\u00FDprava 1191 : Richard Lv\u00ED srdce, Saladin a z\u00E1pas o Jeruzal\u00E9m"@cs . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDch v\u00FDprav\u00E1ch"@cs . "kruci\u00E1tu"@cs . "Oxford University Press"@cs . "436"^^ . . "Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain"@cs . . . "433"^^ . . "Pam\u011Bti byzantsk\u00E9 princezny"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Z\u00E1st\u011Brov\u00E1"@cs . . . . "Keith"@cs . . . "404"^^ . . . "K\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ci"@cs . . "Prvn\u00ED k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E1 v\u00FDprava 1096-99 : dobyt\u00ED Svat\u00E9 zem\u011B"@cs . . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00FDmi v\u00FDpravami"@cs . . . . . . . "Saint Louis"@cs . "a kol."@cs . . . "96"^^ . . . . . . . "NLN Nakladatelstv\u00ED Lidov\u00E9 noviny"@cs . "Argo"@cs . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1\u010Dt\u00ED ryt\u00ED\u0159i"@cs . "Jonathan"@cs . . "kruci\u00E1ta"@cs . . . . . . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy"@cs . . . . . . . "Jaroslav Sv\u00E1tek"@cs . . . . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00FDmi vojsky"@cs . . . . . "A History of the Crusades. Vol. 1, The first hundred years"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . "Us\u00E1ma"@cs . . . . . . . . . "Duggan"@cs . . "Barber"@cs . . . "16364243"^^ . . . . . "Za\u010D\u00E1tek obdob\u00ED K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDch v\u00FDprav (1095)"@cs . "K\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ci ve Svat\u00E9 zemi"@cs . . . "Marshall W."@cs . "Knihovna Jana Drdy v P\u0159\u00EDbrami"@cs . . . . . . . "Kniha zku\u0161enost\u00ED arabsk\u00E9ho bojovn\u00EDka s k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ky"@cs . . . "Harry W."@cs . . "228"^^ . . . . "Jacques"@cs . "227"^^ . "Hroch"@cs . . "255"^^ . "David"@cs . . . . . "245"^^ . . . . "2070733696"^^ . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9m ta\u017Een\u00ED"@cs . "Hrochov\u00E1"@cs . "206"^^ . . . . . . "Steven Runciman"@cs . . . "Ji\u0159\u00ED Kova\u0159\u00EDk"@cs . . . . . "214"^^ . "Christopher"@cs . . . . . "prvn\u00ED k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy"@cs . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ky"@cs . "Ibn Munkiz"@cs . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy"@cs . . . . . . . . . "Rajlich"@cs . . . "188"^^ . "V\u011Bra Hrochov\u00E1"@cs . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00FDch v\u00E1lek"@cs . . . . . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00FD"@cs . . . "kruci\u00E1ty"@cs . . "Historick\u00FD obzor"@cs . . "151"^^ . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy do v\u00FDchodn\u00EDho St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ED"@cs . "Academia"@cs . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00FDmi"@cs . "Prvn\u00ED k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E9 v\u00FDprav\u011B"@cs . . . . . "Riley-Smith"@cs . "871"^^ . . . . . . "10412"^^ . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E1 v\u00FDprava"@cs . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eovou v\u00FDpravu"@cs . . "ciziny"@cs . . . . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1k\u016Fm"@cs . "Miroslav"@cs . . . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eovou v\u00FDpravou"@cs . . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy, star\u0161\u00EDm v\u00FDrazem kruci\u00E1ty, byly vojensk\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy z dob st\u0159edov\u011Bku, kter\u00E9 vyhla\u0161oval pape\u017E proti muslim\u016Fm, pohan\u016Fm a kac\u00ED\u0159\u016Fm. D\u0159\u00EDv\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED definice historik\u016F tyto v\u00FDpravy omezovala pouze na v\u00FDpravy k Jeruzal\u00E9mu, dnes se v\u0161ak v\u00FDznam kruci\u00E1t p\u0159enesl na v\u0161echny pape\u017Eem vyhl\u00E1\u0161en\u00E9 v\u00E1lky proti nep\u0159\u00E1tel\u016Fm k\u0159es\u0165anstva. \u00DA\u010Dastn\u00EDci p\u0159ed zah\u00E1jen\u00EDm v\u00FDpravy skl\u00E1dali slib a byli ozna\u010Deni znamen\u00EDm k\u0159\u00ED\u017Ee, kter\u00E9 si na\u0161\u00EDvali na \u0161aty, a proto se naz\u00FDvali k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ci (latinsky crucesignati)."@cs . . . . "Oxford"@cs . "T\u0159et\u00ED k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E1 v\u00FDprava dle kronik\u00E1\u0159e Ansberta"@cs . . . . "A history of the Crusades. vol. 3, The kingdom of Acre and the later crusades"@cs . "Cambridge"@cs . "Mayer"@cs . . "Paris"@cs . . "Nicolle"@cs . . . "813"^^ . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ci"@cs . . "ryt\u00ED\u0159sk\u00FDch v\u00FDprav"@cs . . . "Pavel"@cs . . "978"^^ . . . . . "Joinville"@cs . "Druh\u00E1 k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E1 v\u00FDprava 1148 : pohroma p\u0159ed branami Dama\u0161ku"@cs . . "Raymond Charles"@cs . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDch v\u00FDprav\u00E1ch proti kac\u00ED\u0159\u016Fm"@cs . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1k (ryt\u00ED\u0159)"@cs . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00FDch ta\u017Een\u00ED"@cs . . . . . . "1965"^^ . . . . . "Gallimard"@cs . . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy"@cs . "v\u00FDprav\u00E1ch obecn\u011B"@cs . "1956"^^ . "1982"^^ . . . . . "Me\u010D a k\u0159\u00ED\u017E : : ryt\u00ED\u0159sk\u00E9 bitvy a osudy I"@cs . . . "Philadelphia"@cs . "1975"^^ . . "1973"^^ . . . . . . "1969"^^ . "1999"^^ . . "1996"^^ . . . "1997"^^ . . "Cesty ve znamen\u00ED k\u0159\u00ED\u017Ee"@cs . . . . "1995"^^ . "1992"^^ . . . . "1990"^^ . . . . . . . . "1986"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "2012"^^ . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E1 v\u00FDprava"@cs . "2013"^^ . "2010"^^ . "Francesco"@cs . . . "2008"^^ . . . "2009"^^ . "2006"^^ . "2007"^^ . "2004"^^ . "2005"^^ . . . . "2003"^^ . . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDmi v\u00FDpravami"@cs . . . . . "Malcolm Barber"@cs . "New York"@cs . . . . . . . . . "Steven"@cs . "Baldwin"@cs . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E9 nadvl\u00E1dy"@cs . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9mu ta\u017Een\u00ED"@cs . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy"@cs . "976"^^ . . "Madison"@cs . "Antony"@cs . . . . "Nakladatelstv\u00ED Lidov\u00E9 noviny"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . "91689"^^ . . "Gabrieli"@cs . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1k\u016F"@cs . "St\u00E1tn\u00ED pedagogick\u00E9 nakladatelstv\u00ED"@cs . . . . . . . . . "926"^^ . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDch ta\u017Een\u00EDch"@cs . "Wolff"@cs . . "Nov\u00ED ryt\u00ED\u0159i : d\u011Bjiny templ\u00E1\u0159sk\u00E9ho \u0159\u00E1du"@cs . . . . . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDmi v\u00FDpravy"@cs . . . . "A history of the crusades. Vol. 2, The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East : 1100-1187"@cs . . . . . . "z\u00E1padn\u00EDmi ryt\u00ED\u0159i"@cs . . . . "Smail"@cs . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy"@cs . . "Letters from the East : crusaders, pilgrims and settlers in the 12th-13th centuries"@cs . . . . . . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy v pozdn\u00EDm st\u0159edov\u011Bku : kapitoly z d\u011Bjin n\u00E1bo\u017Eensk\u00FDch konflikt\u016F"@cs . . . . . . . . . . "Hans Eberhard"@cs . . . . . . . "Kova\u0159\u00EDk"@cs . . . . . . . . "Tyerman"@cs . . "565"^^ . . . "Anna Komn\u00E9na"@cs . . . "Anna"@cs . . "A History of the Crusades. Vol. 3, The fourteenth and fifteenth centuries"@cs . . . "Bohumila"@cs . . . . . . "0"^^ . "V\u011Bra"@cs . "1"^^ . . . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDch v\u00E1lek"@cs . "529"^^ . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00FDch v\u00FDprav\u00E1ch"@cs . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ckou"@cs . "t\u0159et\u00ED k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy"@cs . . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy, star\u0161\u00EDm v\u00FDrazem kruci\u00E1ty, byly vojensk\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy z dob st\u0159edov\u011Bku, kter\u00E9 vyhla\u0161oval pape\u017E proti muslim\u016Fm, pohan\u016Fm a kac\u00ED\u0159\u016Fm. D\u0159\u00EDv\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED definice historik\u016F tyto v\u00FDpravy omezovala pouze na v\u00FDpravy k Jeruzal\u00E9mu, dnes se v\u0161ak v\u00FDznam kruci\u00E1t p\u0159enesl na v\u0161echny pape\u017Eem vyhl\u00E1\u0161en\u00E9 v\u00E1lky proti nep\u0159\u00E1tel\u016Fm k\u0159es\u0165anstva. \u00DA\u010Dastn\u00EDci p\u0159ed zah\u00E1jen\u00EDm v\u00FDpravy skl\u00E1dali slib a byli ozna\u010Deni znamen\u00EDm k\u0159\u00ED\u017Ee, kter\u00E9 si na\u0161\u00EDvali na \u0161aty, a proto se naz\u00FDvali k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ci (latinsky crucesignati). Byli dobrovoln\u00EDky, m\u011Bli za \u00FA\u010Dast na v\u00FDprav\u011B p\u0159isl\u00EDbeno odpu\u0161t\u011Bn\u00ED h\u0159\u00EDch\u016F.Prvn\u00ED k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eovou v\u00FDpravu vyhl\u00E1sil pape\u017E Urban II. roku 1095. Jej\u00EDm c\u00EDlem bylo dob\u00FDt Svatou zemi a osvobodit m\u00EDsta posv\u00E1tn\u00E1 pro k\u0159es\u0165any z rukou muslim\u016F. To se v\u00FDprav\u011B, slo\u017Een\u00E9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm z francouzsk\u00FDch a normansk\u00FDch ryt\u00ED\u0159\u016F, nakonec poda\u0159ilo, a ve Svat\u00E9 zemi tak Evropan\u00E9 zalo\u017Eili k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E9 st\u00E1ty, kter\u00E9 se zde udr\u017Eely t\u00E9m\u011B\u0159 dv\u011B st\u011B let. P\u016Fvodn\u00EDm c\u00EDlem v\u00FDprav proti muslim\u016Fm bylo osvobozen\u00ED Bo\u017E\u00EDho hrobu v Jeruzal\u00E9m\u011B, pozd\u011Bj\u0161\u00ED ta\u017Een\u00ED v\u0161ak m\u00ED\u0159ila i jinam. \u0160lo p\u0159edev\u0161\u00EDm o Egypt a \u0158ecko, kde \u00FA\u010Dastn\u00EDci \u010Dtvrt\u00E9 k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy dobyli zna\u010Dnou \u010D\u00E1st Byzantsk\u00E9 \u0159\u00ED\u0161e a zalo\u017Eili k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E9 st\u00E1ty. Dal\u0161\u00ED k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E1 ta\u017Een\u00ED m\u00ED\u0159ila do Pobalt\u00ED a Skandin\u00E1vie, kde zvl\u00E1\u0161t\u011B n\u011Bme\u010Dt\u00ED a \u0161v\u00E9d\u0161t\u00ED k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ci bojovali proti pohansk\u00FDm Prus\u016Fm, Slovan\u016Fm a Fin\u016Fm. \u0158\u00E1d n\u011Bmeck\u00FDch ryt\u00ED\u0159\u016F na b\u0159ehu Baltsk\u00E9ho mo\u0159e zalo\u017Eil sv\u016Fj st\u00E1t Prusy.Po p\u00E1du posledn\u00EDho k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E9ho m\u011Bsta v Palestin\u011B ji\u017E \u017E\u00E1dn\u00FD pape\u017E vojenskou akci k osvobozen\u00ED Jeruzal\u00E9ma nevyhl\u00E1sil. K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy na evropsk\u00E9m kontinentu v\u0161ak pokra\u010Dovaly. Krom\u011B ta\u017Een\u00ED proti pohan\u016Fm to byly v\u00E1lky proti k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00FDm kac\u00ED\u0159\u016Fm, z nich\u017E nejv\u011Bt\u0161\u00ED byly v\u00FDpravy proti jihofrancouzsk\u00FDm katar\u016Fm a proti \u010Desk\u00FDm husit\u016Fm. Posledn\u00ED kruci\u00E1tu se bez\u00FAsp\u011B\u0161n\u011B sna\u017Eil zorganizovat po\u010D\u00E1tkem 16. stolet\u00ED Lev X. proti osmansk\u00FDm Turk\u016Fm."@cs . . . . . . . . "Hazard"@cs . . . . "Robert L."@cs . . "Orbis"@cs . . . "Evrop\u0161t\u00ED k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ci"@cs . . . . "707"^^ . "Barnes & Noble Books"@cs . . "D\u011Bjiny Byzance"@cs . "Ashgate Publishing"@cs . "druh\u00E9 k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy"@cs . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00FDch dob"@cs . "David Nicolle"@cs . "kruci\u00E1t"@cs . "A History of the Crusades. Vol. 2, The later Crusades, 1189-1311"@cs . . . "K\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy"@cs . "80"^^ . . . . . "629"^^ . . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ckou v\u00FDpravou"@cs . "Alfred"@cs . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E1 pevnost"@cs . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1k"@cs . "Bridge"@cs . . "Svat\u00E1 v\u00E1lka"@cs . . "Pam\u011Bti k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1kovy"@cs . . . . . . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ckou v\u00FDpravu"@cs . "Ji\u0159\u00ED"@cs . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDprav\u011B"@cs . . . . "Hans Eberhard Mayer"@cs . . . "francouzsky"@cs . "London"@cs . . . . . . . . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E1"@cs . . . . . "Grada"@cs . . "2"^^ . . "57"^^ . "Jean de Joinville"@cs . "1"^^ . . "Sv\u00E1tek"@cs . "Miroslav Hroch"@cs . . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy#V\u00FDpravy proti muslim\u016Fm"@cs . "The Barons' Crusade : A Call to Arms and Its Consequences"@cs . . . . . "b\u011Bhem k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDch v\u00FDprav"@cs . . . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy"@cs . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E9ho obdob\u00ED"@cs . . . "Svat\u00E9 v\u00E1lky : d\u011Bjiny k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDch v\u00FDprav"@cs . "Le Goff"@cs . . "P\u0159\u00EDbram"@cs . "Penguin Books"@cs . "K\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ci"@cs . . . . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDch v\u00E1lek"@cs . . . . . . . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E9 v\u00E1lce"@cs . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Soukup"@cs . . . . . . . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy proti kac\u00ED\u0159\u016Fm"@cs . . . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy ve sv\u011Btle soudob\u00FDch kronik"@cs . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00FDch v\u00FDprav"@cs . . . . . . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E9m ta\u017Een\u00ED"@cs . . . . . . . . . "K\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ky"@cs . . . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDch v\u00FDprav"@cs . "London ; New-York ; Toronto"@cs . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy o\u010Dima arabsk\u00FDch kronik\u00E1\u0159\u016F"@cs . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E9 v\u00FDpravy a pape\u017Esk\u00E1 politika"@cs . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00FDch"@cs . . . . "St\u00E1tn\u00ED nakladatelstv\u00ED kr\u00E1sn\u00E9 literatury a um\u011Bn\u00ED"@cs . "Michael"@cs . . "Jean de"@cs . . "376"^^ . . . . . . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00E1 v\u00FDprava"@cs . . . . "Joseph F."@cs . . "Mlad\u00E1 fronta"@cs . "A history of the Crusades. vol. 1, The first Crusades and the foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem"@cs . . . . . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDm v\u00FDprav\u00E1m"@cs . "Us\u00E1ma Ibn Munkiz"@cs . . "348"^^ . . . . "344"^^ . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1kem"@cs . "K\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ci"@cs . . . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00FD Akkon"@cs . . . . . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDmi v\u00FDpravami"@cs . . . "K\u0159\u00ED\u017Eov\u00FDch v\u00FDprav"@cs . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E9m"@cs . . "University of Wisconsin Press"@cs . "O'Callaghan"@cs . "289"^^ . . "Farnham"@cs . "Malcolm"@cs . "University of Pennsylvania Press"@cs . . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00E9ho"@cs . "Cambridge University Press"@cs . "Pavel Soukup"@cs . "k\u0159\u00ED\u017Eovou arm\u00E1du"@cs . "3"^^ . . "Lower"@cs . . . "The Oxford illustrated history of the Crusades"@cs . . "Crusading Warfare"@cs . . . "anglicky"@cs . "278"^^ . "272"^^ . . . . . "Komn\u00E9na"@cs . "k\u0159i\u017E\u00E1ck\u00FDm"@cs . . . . . "Svatou v\u00E1lku"@cs . .